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1.
Rev. méd. Urug ; 37(3): e37312, set. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BNUY | ID: biblio-1341560

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: la vacunación contra SARS-CoV-2 es una herramienta imprescindible en el combate contra la pandemia de COVID-19. La vacuna desarrollada en colaboración entre la Universidad de Oxford y el laboratorio de productos farmacéuticos AstraZeneca (AZN) ha demostrado buena eficacia, pero ha habido reporte de trombosis venosas. Caso clínico: se presenta el caso de un paciente de 70 años, de sexo masculino, que 7 días después de la administración de la primera dosis de la vacuna AZN desarrolla trombosis venosa profunda de ambos miembros inferiores y tromboembolismo pulmonar. Coincide con trombocitopenia de 15.000/mm3, descenso del fibrinógeno y elevación de los D-dímeros. La situación clínica evoca el planteo de trombocitopenia trombótica inducida por vacuna (VITT). Se realizó tratamiento con inmunoglobulinas intravenosas, metilprednisolona y crioprecipitados. Requirió colocación de un filtro de la vena cava inferior. Una vez mejorado el recuento plaquetario se instaló tratamiento anticoagulante con apixaban. Evolucionó favorablemente. Discusión: se trata del primer reporte nacional de VITT. Las trombosis subsiguientes a la vacuna de AZN pueden verse con las vacunas que comparten la misma plataforma vacunal (adenovirus inactivado). Se han reportado casos fundamentalmente en menores de 60 años y en topografías inhabituales. Este caso tiene la particularidad de que se trata de un paciente mayor de 60 años, que ya había tenido COVID-19 cinco meses antes y que se presenta con una trombosis en sitios habituales. El manejo terapéutico se adecuó a las pautas internacionales. El caso deja un aprendizaje relevante tanto en lo que refiere al diagnóstico precoz como al manejo terapéutico.


Abstract: Introduction: vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are an essential tool against the COVID-19 pandemic. The vaccine developed in collaboration with the University of Oxford and the AstraZeneca (AZN) laboratory has proved to be effective, although venous thrombosis have been reported. Clinical case: the study presents the case of a 70 year old male patient who, 7 days after receiving the first dose of the AZN vaccination develops deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities and pulmonary embolism. Simultaneously, thrombocytopenia is 15.000/mm3, fibrinogen levels drop D-dimer levels are elevated. The clinical situation leads to the suspicion of vaccine-associated immune thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT). The patient was treated with intravenous immune globulin, methylprednisolone and cryoprecipitates, requiring a filter to be placed in the inferior vena cava. Once platelets count improved, anti-coagulation therapy including apixaban was commenced, evolution being good. Discussion: this is the first national report on VITT. Thrombosis after the AZN vaccination may be seen in other vaccines that use the same vaccine platform (inactive adenovirus). Cases have been reported mainly in patients younger than 60 years old and in unusual topographies. In particular, this case presents a male patient that is older than 60 years old, who had already been infected with COVID-19 five months before and who currently consults with thrombosis in regular sites. Therapeutic handling observed international guidelines. The case contributes relevant data both in terms of early diagnosis and therapeutic handling.


Resumo: Introdução: a vacinação contra a SARS-CoV-2 é uma ferramenta essencial na luta contra a pandemia de COVID-19. A vacina desenvolvida pela colaboração entre a Universidade de Oxford e o laboratório farmacêutico AstraZeneca (AZN) tem demonstrado boa eficácia, mas foram relatados casos de trombose venosa. Caso clínico: apresenta-se o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 70 anos, que 7 dias após a administração da primeira dose da vacina AZN desenvolveu trombose venosa profunda de ambos os membros inferiores e tromboembolismo pulmonar. Coincide com trombocitopenia de 15.000 / mm3, diminuição do fibrinogênio e aumento dos D-dímeros. A situação clínica lembra a trombocitopenia trombótica induzida por vacina (VITT). O tratamento foi realizado com imunoglobulinas intravenosas, metilprednisolona e crioprecipitados. Foi necessário colocar um filtro de veia cava inferior. Uma vez que a contagem de plaquetas melhorou, o tratamento anticoagulante com apixaban foi instalado. O paciente favoravelmente. Discussão: este é o primeiro relatório nacional de VITT. As tromboses subseqüentes à vacina AZN podem ser vistas com vacinas que compartilham a mesma plataforma (adenovírus inativado). Os casos foram relatados principalmente em pessoas com menos de 60 anos de idade e em topografias incomuns. Este caso tem a particularidade de se tratar de um paciente com mais de 60 anos, já com COVID-19 há cinco meses e que apresenta trombose em sítios comuns. O manejo terapêutico foi adaptado às diretrizes internacionais. O caso deixa um aprendizado relevante tanto no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico precoce quanto ao manejo terapêutico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/therapy , Thrombocytopenia/therapy , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
2.
J. vasc. bras ; 20: e20200124, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279380

ABSTRACT

Abstract The incidence of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) exceeds 70% in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), even in cases of distal deep vein thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with a diagnosis of DVT in the lower left limb associated with asymptomatic PE who presented late symptoms due to this same PE. The absence of acute symptoms and the late onset of symptoms could have provoked doubts about the most appropriate treatment, resulting in unnecessary interventions, if pulmonary embolism had not already been diagnosed with tomography. In the present case, we demonstrate that computed tomography angiography conducted at the time of DVT diagnosis accurately diagnosed PE and prevented any misinterpretation of recurrent DVT in a patient already being medicated, which could have been mistakenly interpreted as demonstrating failure of anticoagulant therapy. Such a situation could lead to unnecessary intervention to fit an inferior vena cava filter. We cannot suggest that a classic medical conduct should be reformulated simply on the basis of a case report. However, we would be remiss not to suggest that well-designed studies should be carried out in the future to assess the need for this examination in the acute phase.


Resumo A ocorrência de embolia pulmonar assintomática em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda tem uma incidência que excede 70%, mesmo nos casos de trombose venosa profunda distal. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda no membro inferior esquerdo associado a embolia pulmonar assintomática, que apresentou sintomas tardios devido a essa mesma embolia. A ausência de sintomas agudos e o surgimento de sintomas tardios pode suscitar dúvidas quanto ao tratamento mais adequado e resultar em intervenções desnecessárias, se o diagnóstico tomográfico de embolia pulmonar não tiver sido feito anteriormente. No presente caso, demonstramos que uma angiotomografia realizada no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda detectou a embolia pulmonar e evitou uma interpretação incorreta de um evento trombótico recorrente na vigência de anticoagulação, o que por engano demonstraria uma falha na terapia anticoagulante. Essa situação pode levar a intervenções desnecessárias, como o implante de filtro de veia cava inferior. Entendemos que apenas um relato de caso não deve mudar uma conduta médica já estabelecida; no entanto, fomenta a discussão e estimula estudos que avaliem a necessidade de um exame diagnóstico pulmonar no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/therapy , Recurrence , Vena Cava, Inferior , Mass Screening , Vena Cava Filters , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Lower Extremity , Computed Tomography Angiography , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
3.
Hepatología ; 2(2): 341-354, 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1396508

ABSTRACT

La trombosis de la vena porta (TVP) se define como una oclusión parcial o completa de la luz de la vena porta o sus afluentes por la formación de trombos. La etiología de la formación de TVP en un hígado cirrótico parece ser multifactorial, y presenta una prevalencia de 1,3% a 9,8%. La fisiopatología de la TVP en pacientes con cirrosis aún no se comprende completamente, pero se sabe que existe una disminución de la síntesis tanto de factores procoagulantes como de anticoagulantes, que asociados a factores de riesgo locales o sistémicos, favorecen el predominio de los procoagulantes que causan la trombosis. Establecer el momento de la instauración de la trombosis y el nivel anatómico dentro del sistema venoso espleno-mesentérico, son aspectos fundamentales para estimar el pronóstico y ayudar a la toma de decisiones terapéuticas. A pesar de que hasta la fecha no se ha publicado un consenso sobre su profilaxis o tratamiento en la cirrosis hepática, y existen muchas controversias con respecto al manejo óptimo de la TVP, se han observado beneficios generales de la anticoagulación con heparina de bajo peso molecular en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, en particular en aquellos con TVP aguda. El objetivo de esta revisión es explorar los temas más relevantes al momento de abordar un paciente con cirrosis hepática y TVP.


Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is defined as a partial or complete occlusion of the lumen of the portal vein or its tributaries due to the formation of thrombi. The etiology of DVT formation in a cirrhotic liver appears to be multifactorial, with a prevalence of 1.3% to 9.8%. The pathophysiology of PVT in patients with cirrhosis is not yet fully understood, but it is known that there is a decrease in the synthesis of both procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, which associated with local or systemic risk factors, favor the predominance of procoagulants that cause thrombosis. Establishing the onset of thrombosis and the anatomical level within the splanchnic mesenteric venous system are fundamental aspects to estimate the prognosis and aid in therapeutic decision-making. Despite the fact that to date no consensus has been published on its prophylaxis or treatment in liver cirrhosis, and the many controversies regarding the optimal management of PVT, general benefits of anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin have been observed in patients with liver cirrhosis, particularly those with acute PVT. The objective of this review is to explore the most relevant issues when approaching a patient with liver cirrhosis and PVT.


Subject(s)
Humans , Portal Vein , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Risk Factors , Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic , Venous Thrombosis/classification , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
5.
J. vasc. bras ; 19: e20200075, 2020. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135089

ABSTRACT

Resumo O trombo flutuante no sistema venoso profundo manifesta elevado potencial de embolização pulmonar. Pode também ser encontrado em pacientes com trombose venosa superficial (TVS) com extensão para uma veia profunda. Os tratamentos descritos na literatura, ainda sem critérios definidos, variam desde anticoagulação e tratamentos fibrinolíticos com implantes de filtros de veia cava, trombectomias abertas ou com dispositivos endovasculares até condutas mais invasivas como a interrupção cirúrgica com ligadura do sistema venoso. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com trombose venosa profunda extensa, acometendo o território ilíaco-fêmoro-poplíteo com um trombo flutuante estendendo-se da veia ilíaca comum esquerda até a veia cava inferior. O tratamento foi realizado com terapia fibrinolítica com um cateter multiperfurado, associado a anticoagulação com heparina e a controles angiográficos diários. Ao final do tratamento, foi identificada uma estenose significativa na veia ilíaca comum esquerda, sendo realizada angioplastia com implante de stent.


Abstract Free-floating thrombus in the deep venous system has a high potential to cause pulmonary embolization. It can also be found in patients with superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) that extends to a deep vein. There are still no defined criteria for treatments described in the literature, which range from anticoagulation and fibrinolytic treatments with vena cava filter implants, through open or endovascular thrombectomies, to more invasive procedures such as surgical interruption with ligation of the venous system. We present the case of a patient with extensive deep venous thrombosis affecting the iliofemoral-popliteal territory with a floating thrombus extending from the left common iliac vein to the inferior vena cava. Treatment was performed with fibrinolytic therapy delivered with a multiperforated catheter, supplemented with anticoagulation with heparin and daily control angiography. At the end of the treatment, a significant stenosis was identified in the left common iliac vein, and angioplasty was performed with stenting.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , May-Thurner Syndrome/therapy , Vena Cava, Inferior , Heparin/therapeutic use , Stents , Thrombolytic Therapy , Angioplasty , Lower Extremity , Iliac Vein
6.
Rev. Asoc. Argent. Ortop. Traumatol ; 84(3): 252-259, jun. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1020340

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad tromboembólica es una de las complicaciones serias en la cirugía ortopédica. La tromboprofilaxis para las cirugías de tobillo y pie no está estandarizada, porque la incidencia es baja, según la bibliografía. El objetivo de este estudio es aportar un algoritmo de prevención para la trombosis venosa profunda y una revisión de la bibliografía. Materiales y Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión de las historias clínicas de los pacientes operados entre 2011 y 2017. La muestra estaba integrada por 696 hombres (28,98%) y 1706 mujeres (71,02%), con un promedio de edad de 51 años (rango 20-82). Se realizaron 2402 procedimientos, 575 (23,94%) fueron por patologías traumáticas y 1827 (76,06%), por patologías ortopédicas. Resultados: Nueve pacientes (0,37%) presentaron trombosis venosa profunda y solo dos, tromboembolismo pulmonar (0,08%). Los procedimientos en los que ocurrieron fueron: artroscopia, reparación aguda del tendón de Aquiles, hallux valgus y fractura del 5.° metatarsiano. Conclusiones: Se recomienda un enfoque multimodal para la profilaxis de la trombosis venosa profunda. Esto incluye abordar los factores de riesgo modificables, mediante la profilaxis mecánica, la movilización temprana y la profilaxis química. La heparina de bajo peso molecular es eficaz para reducir la tasa de trombosis venosa profunda y tromboembolismo pulmonar. Nivel de Evidencia: IV


Introduction: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a major complication in orthopedic surgery. According to the literature, thromboprophylaxis in foot and ankle surgery is not a standardized practice due to the low incidence of DVT. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of surgical patients. Between 2011 and 2017, 1591 surgeries were performed, 6 of them due to symptomatic DVT. Results: The incidence of DVT in major orthopedic surgeries, such as knee and hip, is well documented, but there are only a few reports about its incidence in foot and ankle surgery. It is considered a relatively rare complication in many published studies; thus, preventive drug therapy is not routine practice. Conclusions: A multimodal approach to DVT prophylaxis for high-risk patients is recommended. All risk factors should be addressed, such as mechanical prophylaxis, early mobilization, and the use of chemoprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin is effective in reducing the rate of clinically significant DVT and is also likely to reduce the rate of pulmonary embolism. Level of Evidence: IV


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Ankle Injuries/surgery , Ankle Injuries/complications , Foot Injuries/surgery , Foot Injuries/complications , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Venous Thrombosis/therapy
7.
J. vasc. bras ; 18: e20180111, 2019. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012628

ABSTRACT

Contexto A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) afeta anualmente cerca de dez milhões de pessoas no mundo e tem como principais complicações a embolia pulmonar e a síndrome pós-trombótica. O tratamento padrão é a anticoagulação, que pode ser realizada com heparinas, antagonistas da vitamina K, fondaparinux ou, mais recentemente, com anticoagulantes orais diretos (direct oral anticoagulants, DOACs). Os anticoagulantes diminuem a progressão do trombo e facilitam os mecanismos trombolíticos naturais, fato conhecido como recanalização, que pode ocorrer em graus e tempos variados, influenciados por diversos fatores, dentre eles o tipo de anticoagulação utilizado. Objetivos Avaliar o grau e o tempo de recanalização através da análise de laudos de eco-Doppler colorido (EDC) de pacientes com TVP tratados com DOACs ou com heparina + varfarina. Métodos Foram avaliados retrospectivamente os dados demográficos e os laudos dos EDC dos pacientes com TVP, tratados entre janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2016. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com a terapêutica utilizada: Grupo I (heparina + varfarina): 26 pacientes; Grupo II (rivaroxabana): 51 pacientes. Os principais itens observados foram o grau e o tempo para a recanalização. Resultados Foram observadas taxas de recanalização aos 30, 90 e 180 dias de 10%, 52,5% e 78,9%, respectivamente, no Grupo I, e de 55,3%, 83,5% e 92,4%, respectivamente, no Grupo II, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,041). Conclusões Ambos os tratamentos promoveram recanalização. Houve recanalização mais precoce no grupo de pacientes que utilizaram a rivaroxabana


Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) strikes around ten million people worldwide every year and is associated with major complications including pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome. Anticoagulation is the standard treatment, with administration of heparins, vitamin K antagonists, fondaparinux, or, more recently, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Anticoagulants reduce thrombus progression and facilitate natural thrombolytic mechanisms, leading to a phenomenon known as recanalization, which can occur in varying degrees and over variable periods of time, under influence from many different factors, including the type of anticoagulation employed. Objectives To evaluate the degree of recanalization and the time taken, by analysis of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) reports from patients with DVT treated with DOACs or with heparin + warfarin. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of demographic data and CDU reports from patients with DVT who had been treated from January 2009 to December 2016. These patients were classified into two groups, according to the treatment given: Group I (heparin + warfarin): 26 patients; or Group II (rivaroxaban): 51 patients. The primary outcomes assessed were degree of recanalization and time taken. Results Recanalization rates at 30, 90, and 180 days were 10%, 52.5%, and 78.9%, respectively, in Group I, and 55.3%, 83.5%, and 92.4%, respectively, in Group II, with statistically significant difference (p = 0.041). Conclusions Both treatments led to recanalization. Recanalization occurred earlier among patients treated with rivaroxaban


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Thromboembolism/diagnosis , Thromboembolism/therapy , Echocardiography/methods , Heparin/therapeutic use , Phlebography/methods , Ultrasonography/methods , Postthrombotic Syndrome/complications , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
8.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(4)out.-dez. 2018. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-969128

ABSTRACT

A number of limitations of standard therapy with warfarin for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have been established. This overview of systematic reviews presents the baseline results for efficacy and safety of the new direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) thrombin inhibitors, and activated factor X (Xa) inhibitors in patients with DVT. Searches were run on PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Twenty-three studies were retrieved, and one systematic review was judged eligible. This review scored maximum according to AMSTAR criteria and included 7,596 patients for analysis of thrombin inhibitors and 16,356 patients for analysis of factor Xa inhibitors. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that DOACs are similar for DVT treatment when compared to standard treatment with warfarin. The incidence of major bleeding is somewhat lower in patients treated with factor Xa inhibitors and similar to standard therapy when treated with direct thrombin inhibitors


A terapia padrão com varfarina para a trombose venosa profunda (TVP) tem uma série de limitações já estabelecidas. Essa revisão de revisões sistemáticas elenca os principais resultados de eficácia e segurança dos anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs), inibidores da trombina e do fator X ativado (Xa), em pacientes com TVP. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases PubMed e Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Foram recuperados 23 estudos, e uma revisão sistemática foi considerada elegível. Essa revisão atingiu escore máximo no AMSTAR e incluiu 7.596 pacientes para análise dos inibidores da trombina e 16.356 pacientes para a análise dos inibidores do fator Xa. Os resultados da metanálise indicam que os DOACs apresentam eficácia similar à terapia padrão no tratamento da TVP. A incidência de sangramento maior é um pouco menor nos pacientes tratados com os inibidores do fator Xa e similar à terapia padrão no tratamento com inibidores diretos da trombina


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Review , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Heparin/therapeutic use , Thrombin , Risk Factors , Drug Interactions , Venous Thromboembolism/therapy , Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use , Dabigatran/therapeutic use , Hemorrhage
9.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(3)jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-916048

ABSTRACT

Contexto: O tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) representa uma preocupação crescente nas instituições hospitalares, tem grande impacto sobre a morbimortalidade em pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos, e é a principal causa de morte evitável hospitalar. Embora existam modelos de avaliação de risco para pacientes hospitalizados, a profilaxia ainda é subutilizada ou é feita de forma incorreta. Objetivos: Avaliar o perfil de risco para TEV de pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos recém-internados, bem como as medidas tromboprofiláticas aplicadas nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. Métodos: Este estudo transversal foi realizado em um hospital geral de grande porte do interior do estado de São Paulo entre março e julho de 2015. Os escores de Pádua e Caprini foram utilizados para estratificação de risco dos pacientes clínicos e cirúrgicos, respectivamente, enquanto a análise das medidas tromboprofiláticas baseou-se nas recomendações do 8º e 9º Consenso do American College of Chest Physicians. Resultados: Foram analisados 592 pacientes (62% clínicos e 38% cirúrgicos). A estratificação de risco revelou necessidade de quimioprofilaxia em 42% dos pacientes clínicos e 81% dos cirúrgicos (51% de alto risco e 30% de moderado risco). Por outro lado, receberam profilaxia adequada nas primeiras 24 horas de internação 54% dos pacientes clínicos de alto risco, 85% dos cirúrgicos de alto risco e 4% dos cirúrgicos de moderado risco, todos sem contraindicação. Conclusões: Há necessidade de aprimoramento da segurança do paciente em relação ao TEV já nas primeiras horas de internação. Existe uma subutilização da quimioprofilaxia especialmente nos pacientes clínicos de alto risco e cirúrgicos de moderado risco


Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a cause for growing concern in hospitals, has great impact on morbidity and mortality in clinical and surgical patients, and is the leading cause of preventable hospital deaths. Although there are risk assessment models for hospital inpatients, prophylaxis is still underused or is administered incorrectly. Objectives: To assess the risk profile for VTE in recently hospitalized clinical and surgical patients and evaluate the thromboprophylactic measures implemented in the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a large general hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between March and July 2015. Padua and Caprini scores were used for risk stratification of clinical and surgical patients, respectively, while thromboprophylactic measures were analyzed for compliance with the recommendations contained in the 8th and 9th Consensus of the American College of Chest Physicians. Results: A total of 592 patients (62% clinical and 38% surgical) were assessed. Risk stratification revealed a need for chemoprophylaxis in 42% of clinical patients and 81% of surgical patients (51% high risk and 30% moderate risk). However, 54% of high-risk clinical patients, 85% of high-risk surgical patients, and 4% of moderate-risk surgical patients, who were free from contraindications, were actually given the correct prophylaxis in the first 24 hours of hospitalization. Conclusions: There is a need to improve patient safety in relation to VTE in the first hours of hospitalization, since there is underutilization of chemoprophylaxis, especially in high-risk clinical patients and moderate-risk surgical patients


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Disease Prevention , Hospitals , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Chemoprevention/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Heparin/therapeutic use , Hospitalization , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Mobility Limitation , Obesity , Risk Factors , Therapeutics , Venous Thromboembolism/complications , Venous Thromboembolism/therapy
10.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(3)jul.-set. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-916069

ABSTRACT

A aviação civil vem apresentando aumento progressivo do número de voos regulares nos últimos 10 anos e, em função disso, mais passageiros estão sendo transportados em viagens aéreas (VAs). Associado a isso, há um aumento das doenças relacionadas às VAs, especialmente naquelas de longa duração. Uma das complicações mais temidas dos voos é o tromboembolismo venoso (TEV), mas a sua real incidência é de difícil mensuração devido à falta de consenso sobre, por exemplo, quanto tempo após o pouso podemos considerar que o TEV possa estar relacionado à VA realizada ou mesmo quanto tempo de voo pode ser considerado como de longa duração. Muito tem se discutido sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos do TEV relacionado às VAs, quais passageiros são os de maior risco e quais medidas profiláticas podemos adotar com segurança e eficácia. O objetivo desta revisão é esclarecer esses pontos e as condutas consensuais atuais


Civil aviation has seen a steady increase in the number of scheduled flights over the last ten years and, as a result, more passengers are traveling by air. This has been associated with an increase in flight-related diseases, especially on long-haul flights. One of the most feared complications during flights is venous thromboembolism (VTE), but its true incidence is difficult to measure because of a lack of consensus on elements such as the definition of how long after landing a VTE can be considered to be related to a flight and even how long a flight must last to be considered of long duration. There has been much discussion of the pathophysiological mechanisms of flight-related VTE, of which passengers are at greatest risk, and of what prophylactic measures can be adopted safely and effectively. The purpose of this review is to clarify these points and describe current consensual conduct


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Air Travel/trends , Disease Prevention , Venous Thromboembolism/therapy , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Aerospace Medicine/methods , Anticoagulants , Heparin , Hypoxia/complications , Incidence , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors , Prevalence , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Review , Risk Factors
11.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(1): 26-33, jan.-mar. 2018. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-904898

ABSTRACT

Contexto: A cirurgia bariátrica é considerada a melhor opção para o tratamento da obesidade, cujos pacientes são considerados de alto risco para fenômenos tromboembólicos. Objetivos: Comparar o uso de doses diferentes de heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) na profilaxia da trombose venosa profunda (TVP) em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica em relação ao risco de TVP, alteração na dosagem do fator anti-Xa e sangramento pré ou pós-operatório. Métodos: Estudo comparativo transversal em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica distribuídos em dois grupos, que receberam doses de HBPM de 40 mg (grupo controle, GC) e 80 mg (grupo de estudo, GE). Foram avaliados por ultrassonografia vascular e dosagem de KPTT, TAP, plaquetas e fator anti-Xa. Resultados: Foram avaliados 60 pacientes, sendo 34 no GC e 26 no GE. Foi observada diferença significativa somente no peso (p = 0,003) e índice de massa corporal (p = 0,018) no GE em relação ao GC. Não houve diferença na dosagem de KPTT, TAP, plaquetas e fator anti-Xa entre os grupos. Não foram detectados TVP ou sangramentos significativos em ambos os grupos. Conclusões: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na utilização de doses maiores de HBPM na profilaxia da TVP em pacientes candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica em relação ao risco de TVP, dosagem do fator anti-Xa e sangramento pré ou pós-operatório


Background: Bariatric surgery is considered the best treatment option for patients with obesity who are classed as high risk for thromboembolic events. Objectives: To compare two different doses of low weight molecular heparin (LWMH) for prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in candidates for bariatric surgery, in terms of DVT risk, abnormal anti-Xa levels, and preoperative and/or postoperative bleeding. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study of bariatric surgery patients divided into two groups given different doses of LWMH; 40 mg of LWMH (control group, CG) and 80 mg of LWMH (study group, SG), both evaluated by vascular ultrasonography (VU) and according to the results of PTT, PT, platelets, and anti-Xa factor assays. Results: Sixty patients were evaluated, 34 in the CG and 26 in the SG. The only significant differences between the patients in the SG and the CG were weight (p = 0.003) and body mass index (p = 0.018). There were no differences between the groups in PTT, PT, platelets, or anti-Xa factor levels. There was no DVT or significant bleeding in either group. Conclusions: There were no statistical differences when higher doses of LWMH were used for prevention of DVT in bariatric surgery patients, in terms of DVT risk, anti-Xa factor levels, or preoperative and postoperative bleeding


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Comparative Study , Heparin/administration & dosage , Venous Thrombosis/surgery , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Disease Prevention , Bariatric Surgery/methods , Hemorrhage/complications , Coagulants/administration & dosage , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Control Groups , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Risk Factors , Laparoscopy/methods , Diabetes Mellitus , Hypertension
12.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 162-166, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-742488

ABSTRACT

The creation of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is a widely performed technique to relieve portal hypertension, and to manage recurrent variceal bleeding and refractory ascites in patients where medical and/or endoscopic treatments have failed. However, portosystemic shunt creation can be challenging in the presence of chronic portal vein occlusion. In this case report, we describe a minimally invasive endovascular mesocaval shunt creation with transsplenic approach for the management of recurrent variceal bleeding in a portal hypertension patient with intra- and extrahepatic portal vein occlusion.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Chronic Disease , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/diagnostic imaging , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/therapy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/complications , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy , Jejunum/pathology , Portacaval Shunt, Surgical , Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging , Portal Vein/pathology , Portal Vein/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Venous Thrombosis/therapy
13.
Rev. homeopatia (Säo Paulo) ; 81(1/2): 15-22, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, HomeoIndex | ID: biblio-908611

ABSTRACT

El tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) es un problema de salud significativo, con morbimortalidad cercana al 30%. El factor V Leiden (FVL) es una forma "mutada" del factor V normal que se inactiva 10 veces más lentamente, produciendo estados de hipercoagulación y trombosis. En este artículo se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años de edad en quien, a raíz de un episodio de TVP se diagnosticó su condición de portadora de enfermedad por FVL de carácter homocigota. Transcurridos 8 años del primer episodio y estando aún bajo tratamiento convencional, el alto nivel de dímeroD (DD) señalaba alto riesgo de sufrir nuevos episodios de TVP. En ese momento se inició tratamiento con medicación homeopática unicista constitucional, en baja dinamización y dosis diarias, observándose una rápida caída en las cifras de DD cambiando así el pronóstico de futuras recidivas y llevando a los hematólogos a suspender el tratamiento convencional. No hubo recidivas hasta el presente y el Doppler venoso muestra rehabilitación del lecho venoso. (AU)


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant health problem with morbidity and mortality around 30%. Factor V Leiden (FVL) is a "mutated" form of the normal factor V which is inactivated 10 times slower causing hypercoagulation states and thrombosis. The present articles describes the case of a 23-year-old women in whom that status of homozygous was diagnosed on the occasion of a VTE episode. High dimer-D (DD) levels 8 years later and still under conventional treatment high pointed to high risk for recurrence of VTE. Homeopathic treatment was started (constitutional unicast) in low potency and daily doses. DD fell rapidly, and thus the prognosis changed, leading hematologists to withdraw conventional treatment. Disease did not relapse to this day and venous Doppler sonography evidenced rehabilitated vein system. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Factor V , Homeopathy , Sulphur/therapeutic use , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
14.
Rev. homeopatia (São Paulo) ; 81(1/2): 15-22, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, HomeoIndex | ID: hom-12228

ABSTRACT

El tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) es un problema de salud significativo, con morbimortalidad cercana al 30%. El factor V Leiden (FVL) es una forma "mutada" del factor V normal que se inactiva 10 veces más lentamente, produciendo estados de hipercoagulación y trombosis. En este artículo se presenta el caso de una mujer de 23 años de edad en quien, a raíz de un episodio de TVP se diagnosticó su condición de portadora de enfermedad por FVL de carácter homocigota. Transcurridos 8 años del primer episodio y estando aún bajo tratamiento convencional, el alto nivel de dímeroD (DD) señalaba alto riesgo de sufrir nuevos episodios de TVP. En ese momento se inició tratamiento con medicación homeopática unicista constitucional, en baja dinamización y dosis diarias, observándose una rápida caída en las cifras de DD cambiando así el pronóstico de futuras recidivas y llevando a los hematólogos a suspender el tratamiento convencional. No hubo recidivas hasta el presente y el Doppler venoso muestra rehabilitación del lecho venoso. (AU)


Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant health problem with morbidity and mortality around 30%. Factor V Leiden (FVL) is a "mutated" form of the normal factor V which is inactivated 10 times slower causing hypercoagulation states and thrombosis. The present articles describes the case of a 23-year-old women in whom that status of homozygous was diagnosed on the occasion of a VTE episode. High dimer-D (DD) levels 8 years later and still under conventional treatment high pointed to high risk for recurrence of VTE. Homeopathic treatment was started (constitutional unicast) in low potency and daily doses. DD fell rapidly, and thus the prognosis changed, leading hematologists to withdraw conventional treatment. Disease did not relapse to this day and venous Doppler sonography evidenced rehabilitated vein system. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Homeopathy , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Factor V , Sulphur/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
15.
J. vasc. bras ; 16(4): 304-307, out.-dez. 2017.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-954673

ABSTRACT

Abstract Use of compression therapy to reduce the incidence of postthrombotic syndrome among patients with deep venous thrombosis is a controversial subject and there is no consensus on use of elastic versus inelastic compression, or on the levels and duration of compression. Inelastic devices with a higher static stiffness index, combine relatively small and comfortable pressure at rest with pressure while standing strong enough to restore the "valve mechanism" generated by plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the foot. Since the static stiffness index is dependent on the rigidity of the compression system and the muscle strength within the bandaged area, improvement of muscle mass with muscle-strengthening programs and endurance training should be encouraged. Therefore, in the acute phase of deep venous thrombosis events, anticoagulation combined with inelastic compression therapy can reduce the extension of the thrombus. Notwithstanding, prospective studies evaluating the effectiveness of inelastic therapy in deep venous thrombosis and post-thrombotic syndrome are needed.


Resumo O uso da terapia de compressão para reduzir a incidência de síndrome pós-trombótica em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda apresenta controvérsias como o uso da compressão elástica versus inelástica, os níveis e a duração da compressão. Dispositivos inelásticos com índice de rigidez estática combinam uma pressão pequena e confortável em repouso com uma pressão forte o suficiente para restaurar o "mecanismo de válvula" gerado pela flexão plantar e dorsiflexão do pé. Uma vez que o índice de rigidez estática depende da rigidez do sistema de compressão e da força muscular dentro da área enfaixada, a melhoria da massa muscular com programas de fortalecimento e treinamento de resistência deve ser incentivada. Na fase aguda dos eventos de trombose venosa profunda, a anticoagulação acompanhada de terapia de compressão inelástica pode reduzir a extensão do trombo. Assim, são necessários estudos que avaliem a eficácia da terapia inelástica na trombose venosa profunda e na síndrome pós-trombótica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Postthrombotic Syndrome/therapy , Compression Bandages , Pressure , Muscle Strength , Anticoagulants
16.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 27(4): 278-281, out.-dez. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-879459

ABSTRACT

A doença neoplásica associa-se a um aumento da incidência de eventos tromboembólicos. Os fatores associados a esses fenômenos englobam não apenas o estado pró-trombótico associado ao câncer, mas também os efeitos colaterais dos quimioterápicos, além da imobilidade associada a algumas situações, como intervenções cirúrgicas, por exemplo. De acordo com a American Cancer Society (ACS), que desenvolveu a mais recente diretriz sobre profilaxia e tratamento da TVP em pacientes oncológicos, somando os fatores de risco já existentes aos fatores intrínsecos dos pacientes oncológicos, esses pacientes são, quase sempre, classificados como de alto risco. A simplicidade de administração oral sem necessidade de monitorização laboratorial torna os novos anticoagulantes orais uma alternativa atrativa para a prevenção e o manejo de eventos tromboembólicos em pacientes oncológicos. Subgrupos de estudos maiores demonstram a eficácia e segurança dessa classe de fármacos nesse grupo de pacientes, porém, mais estudos estão sendo conduzidos, a fim de responder com mais clareza a esta questão. O estado pró-trombótico promovido pela doença neoplásica acarreta maior risco de fenômenos embólicos em pacientes oncológicos com fibrilação atrial (FA). Não existem recomendações específicas para terapia antitrombótica para pacientes com FA e câncer. Não há evidência que essa população apresente risco aumentado de acidente vascular cerebral embólico em comparação com os pacientes com FA sem neoplasia associada. Os pacientes portadores de FA e câncer concomitantemente são mais idosos do que os pacientes portadores apenas de FA. Ainda existem muitas controvérsias com relação à anticoagulação no paciente oncológico. Novos estudos com foco nessa temá- tica contribuirão muito para o manejo mais homogêneo e embasado nessa população


Neoplastic disease is associated with an increase in the incidence of thromboembolic events. Factors associated with these phenomena include not only the prothrombotic state associated with cancer, but also the side effects of chemotherapy, and the immobility associated with certain situations, such as surgical interventions. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), which produced the latest guidelines on prophylaxis and treatment of DVT in cancer patients, adding the existing risk factors to the intrinsic factors of cancer patients, these patients are almost always classified as high risk. The simplicity of oral administration, without the need for laboratory monitoring, makes the new oral anticoagulants an attractive alternative in the prevention and management of thromboembolic events in cancer patients. Subgroups of larger studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this class of drugs in this group of patients. However, further studies are being conducted in order to answer this question more clearly. The prothrombotic state promoted by the neoplastic disease presents a higher risk of embolic phenomena in cancer patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). There are no specific recommendations for antithrombotic therapy in patients with AF and cancer. There is no evidence that this population presents an increased risk of embolic cerebrovascular event compared to patients with AF without associated neoplasia. It is known that cancer patients with concomitant cancer and AF are older than non-cancer patients. There is still much controversy regarding anticoagulation in cancer patients. New studies focusing on this theme will contribute to a more homogeneous and grounded management of this population


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Coagulation Factors , Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors , Coagulation Protein Disorders , Neoplasms/complications , Postoperative Period , Atrial Fibrillation , Cardiology , Risk Factors , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Hemorrhage/complications , Hospitalization , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
17.
J. vasc. bras ; 16(2): f:128-l:139, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-859607

ABSTRACT

O acesso ao sistema venoso, seja para coleta de amostras de sangue ou para infusão de soluções, é de vital importância para o diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes com as mais variadas condições clínicas. Desde que Harvey, em 1616, descreveu o sistema circulatório a partir de estudos em animais e que Sir Christopher Wren, 4 décadas depois, realizou a primeira infusão endovenosa em seres vivos, a evolução na técnica de acesso e nos dispositivos para infusão tem sido constante. Merece destaque a criação dos cateteres de longa duração na década de 1970, em especial os totalmente implantáveis, que revolucionaram o tratamento do câncer, aumentando a segurança e o conforto dos pacientes oncológicos. Este artigo tem como objetivo a revisão de dados históricos relativos ao acesso vascular e a discussão da técnica de implante e das principais complicações associadas ao procedimento de colocação e ao uso dos cateteres totalmente implantáveis


Access to the venous system is of vital importance for diagnosis and treatment of patients with the most varied range of clinical conditions, whether for taking blood samples or for infusion of solutions. In 1616, Harvey described the circulatory system on the basis of studies in animals and 4 decades later Sir Christopher Wren conducted the first intravenous infusions in living beings. Since then there has been constant evolution in access technique and infusion devices. Of particular note is the creation of long-term catheters in the 1970s, particularly totally implantable devices, which revolutionized cancer treatment, increasing both safety and comfort for oncology patients. The objectives of this article are to review historical data on vascular access and discuss the implantation technique and the main complications associated with procedures for placement and use of totally implantable venous access devices


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Vessels/physiology , Central Venous Catheters , Prostheses and Implants/adverse effects , Prostheses and Implants/history , Vascular Access Devices/history , Catheters , Femoral Vein/physiology , Infections , Neoplasms/therapy , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Veins/physiology , Venous Thrombosis/complications , Venous Thrombosis/therapy
19.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(1): 63-71, ene. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845505

ABSTRACT

Background: Conventional treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is anticoagulation, bed rest and limb elevation. Proximal DVT patients with persisting edema, pain and cyanosis of extremities despite of conventional therapy may develop ischemia. Direct treatment of thrombosis becomes necessary. Aim: To report our experience with mechanical trombolysis of proximal lower extremity DVT. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records of proximal DVT patients treated with thrombolysis between March 2012 and August 2015. Thirteen patients, 14 limbs, median age 34 years (22-85), 8 women, were admitted with pain and swelling of recent onset; one patient with venous gangrene. All patients initially received heparin in therapeutic doses without clinical improvement. Results: In all 13 cases, mechanical thrombolysis was performed using AngioJet®, and associated with single dose thrombolytic agent in 9. Additional angioplasty for residual stenosis was performed in 12 (7 stents) and IVCF were implanted in 8. All patients were subsequently anticoagulated. Early outcomes with disappearance of pain and decrease of edema, with no mortality or bleeding complications. The patient with foot gangrene required amputation. Conclusions: Mechanical thrombolysis with a single dose of a thrombolytic agent is safe and effective in patients with proximal DVT with an unfavorable evolution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Venous Thrombosis/therapy , Mechanical Thrombolysis/methods , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Angiography , Heparin/therapeutic use , Stents , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
20.
Article in French | AIM | ID: biblio-1271915

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:Les thromboses veineuses (TV) constituent une pathologie fréquente et potentiellement grave. Les facteurs de risques ou étiologiques sont multiples. Malgré les nombreuses recommandations internationales sur la prophylaxie, les incidences hospitalières de cette pathologie restent toujours élevées. METHODOLOGIE:Nous avions mené une étude rétrospective et descriptive au service de cardiologie de l'hôpital général de Grand Yoff de Dakar entre janvier 2006 et décembre 2014 soit une période de 9 ans. Tous les dossiers de malades hospitalisés pour thrombose veineuse (TV) confirmée à l'imagerie ont été recensés. Les paramètres étudiés étaient les données épidémiologiques, diagnostiques, thérapeutiques et évolutives. Les données ont été analysées avec le logiciel EPI INFO 6.0. Le seuil de significativité était retenu pour une valeur de p<0,05.RESULTATS:Nous avions colligés 148 cas de thromboses veineuses. La prévalence était de 2,78%. Le sex ratio H/F était de 0,51. L'âge moyen était de 51 ans ± 19,22. La symptomatologie était dominée par le tableau de grosse jambe inflammatoire gauche dans 89 cas (60 %). L'écho-Doppler veineuse objectivait une prédominance des TV au niveau du réseau veineux profond dans 123 cas (83,7%). Les facteurs de risque retrouvés étaient dominés outre l'âge supérieur ou égal à 60 ans (38,5%), la prise de pilules oestro-progestatives (13%) et le tabagisme (9,5%). Les patients avaient bénéficié d'un traitement à base d'héparine de bas poids moléculaire associé dès le 1er jour à un antivitamine K (acénocoumarol) (98%). L'évolution était favorable chez 121 patients (82,4%). La mortalité globale était de 2,7% soit 4 patients.CONCLUSION:Les thromboses veineuses deviennent relativement fréquentes dans nos hôpitaux. Dans notre étude, elle était plus fréquente chez les femmes et les sujets jeunes et plus souvent liée aux facteurs médicaux


Subject(s)
Cardiology Service, Hospital , Disease Progression , Senegal , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Venous Thrombosis/epidemiology , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Venous Thrombosis/therapy
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